Study On Traditional Medicine-modern Drug Interaction And Its Molecular Mechanism Elucidation In Rat Liver

Traditional medicines have been used for thousands of years in maintaining health as an alternative to or in conjunction with modem medicines. Ubatan tradisional telah digunakan beribu-ribu tahun untuk penjagaan kesihatan sebagai alternatif atau bersama-sama dengan ubat-ubatan moden

Pendidikan Moral Dan Karakter: Sebuah Panduan

MORAL EDUCATION AND CHARACTER BUILDING : A HANDBOOK: Education Institutions have a very important task associated with moral and character development. Unfortunately, the various activities in schools are not enough to support the implementation of moral education. This book may become the main handbook for moral and character education in schools as it contains a very strong philosophical foundation accompanied by the clear strategies and techniques of implementation. Other than to support the activities in the classroom, this book also offers a detail and applicable formula of moral and character education outside the classroom, including efforts to develop character through sports activitie

Simple equation method for nonlinear partial differential equations and its applications

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the exact solution of the some nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) such as, Kodomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation and the modified generalized Vakhnenko equation by using the simple equation method. In the simple equation method the trial condition is the Bernoulli equation or the Riccati equation. It has been shown that the method provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear wave equations in mathematical physics and engineering problems

Ilmu dan Teknologi di Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer: dari Penyakit Tropik Terabaikan Sampai Personalized Medicine

No Abstrac

Quantitative Study of Growth of Some Dairy Psychrophiles

Summary and Conclusions: Samples of pasteurized skim milk were steamed for 25 minutes at approximately 100° C. and inoculated with pure cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens, A and B, at different levels, Pseudomonas fragi, Brevibacterium lipolyticum. The fifth culture was the normal flora of commercially pasteurized skim milk treated as a pure culture. All samples were stored at 4° C. Bacterial growth was determined using agar plates incubated at 25° C. for 3 days. The generation time was calculated for all cultures which ranged from 5.55 hours for Pseudomonas fragi to 11.24 hours for Brevibacterium lipolyticum. The generation time was found the same (7.22 hours) for Pseudomonas fluorescens cultures A and B regardless of differences in inoculum size for the two cultures. In the pure cultures, bacterial count after 7 days of storage was the highest for Pseudomonas fragi, 3.0 x 107, and the lowest for Brevibacterium lipolyticum, 1.9 x 105 cells per ml. However, the mixed flora culture obtained a slightly lower count, 1.7 x 105 cells per ml. The lag phases for the pure cultures studied ranged from 1 day for Pseudomonas fragi to 3 days for both cultures of Pseudomonas fiuorescens. The mixed flora culture showed still a longer lag phase of 4.2 days. Of all cultures studied, Pseudomonas fragi was found to be the most actively growing culture. It had the shortest generation time, the highest counts after 7 days of storage, and the shortest lag phase

A Comparative Study of Adrenal Gland Development in Mouse and Chick Embryos

In this work, I describe in detail the development of cellular patterns in mouse and chick adrenals, in an attempt to discover the morphogenetic mechanisms that produce these patterns. Mouse adrenal gland tissues (chromaffin and cortical) are intermingled during embryonic life, but sort-out near the end of gestation into a central mass (medulla) of chromaffin tissue and a surrounding cortex. Once sorting out has occurred, the cells assemble into cortical zones and medullary cords. Chick adrenal gland tissues (chromaffin and cortical) are intermingled with each other during embryonic and post-hatching life. In mouse, the zona glomerulosa develops at day 1 and by day 4 both zona glomerulosa and fasciculata are obvious. By the end of the first week postnatal the cortex possesses three zones: zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and the developing X-zone. X-zone cells start to appear on the 4th day postnatal. The zona reticularis starts to develop while the X-zone is degenerating, about 32 days postnatal. An inner capsule is formed between the medulla and cortex of the male adrenal by 35 days postnatal (this process occurs later in females, during first pregnancy). Chromaffin cells start to be arranged in groups by 4 days postnatal and assume their final position in the centre of the gland (medulla) by 7 days postnatal. Different iation of chromaffin cells into A and NA cell types takes place in postnatal life. In chick, light and dark cortical cells are seen from 15 days of incubation up to and including 19 days. Zonation of cortical tissues is not seen. Differentiation of chromaffin cells into A and NA cell types takes place during post-hatching life. Sympathetic ganglion cells may contribute to the increased number of chromaffin cells by means of differentiation. At TEM level the cell surface of mouse adrenal tissues is smooth with little sign of elongated cellular processes, throughout the period when sorting out of the tissue types is occurring. Some elongated cells are seen during sorting out stages, but not later. The cell surfaces of chick adrenal cells were similar, but were not studied during stages when significant cell sorting was occurring. No obvious changes occur with respect to cell junctions (between like and unlike cells) in all stages studied in both mouse and chick adrenals. The distribution of fibronectin was analysed in embryonic mouse and chick by means of immunofluorescent labelling. Fibronectin was found in both mouse and chick embryonic adrenals at all stages studied, within the capsule, within blood vessels, around and between cortical cells, but only around groups of chromaffin cells, not within groups. There was no evidence for any quantitative variation in fibronectin that might have created an adhesive gradient to guide cell movement. An unexpected results of this work was the discovery of cell death in both cortical and chromaffin tissues in embryonic adrenals of mouse and chick. These findings have not been reported before. Morphometric analysis showed that mouse cortical tissue grows more rapidly than chromaffin during embryonic life and that mitosis is higher among corticals than chromaffins. It showed also that the medulla does not always form precisely in the centre of the gland. In a final discussion chapter, I consider the role of cell death in the embryonic adrenal, and suggest this may be to maintain a loose enough structure to allow active cell sorting. This chapter also discusses the possible mechanisms of cell sorting and concludes that the most likely process to be involved is differential adhesion. Suggestions are also made for further work on adrenal morphogenesis